ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) is an older term that was used to describe a type of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) characterised primarily by symptoms of inattention, without the hyperactivity or impulsivity that is often associated with ADHD. The term “ADD” is still sometimes used informally, but it is no longer the official term used in clinical diagnosis.
ADD vs. ADHD:
- Historical Use of ADD:
- Originally, “ADD” was used to describe individuals who had significant attention difficulties but did not display the hyperactive or impulsive behaviours seen in others with ADHD. This term was widely used in the 1980s and early 1990s.
- The Shift to ADHD:
- In 1994, the American Psychiatric Association revised the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and replaced the term “ADD” with “ADHD” to encompass all presentations of the disorder. The term ADHD now includes three different presentations: ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (which is closest to what was previously known as ADD), ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation, and ADHD, Combined Presentation (which includes both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms).
Characteristics of ADD (Inattentive ADHD):
- Inattention:
- Individuals with the inattentive presentation of ADHD often struggle with paying attention to details, sustaining attention in tasks, following instructions, and organising activities. They may appear forgetful, easily distracted, and frequently lose things necessary for tasks and activities.
- Lack of Hyperactivity:
- Unlike those with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, individuals with the inattentive type (formerly referred to as ADD) do not typically exhibit excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or impulsive behaviours. This can make the condition less obvious to others, leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, particularly in adults or in girls, who may be less likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms.
- Daydreaming and Low Motivation:
- People with the inattentive presentation of ADHD may be perceived as daydreamers or as being “lazy” or unmotivated, when in reality, they are struggling with maintaining focus and organising their thoughts and actions.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Diagnosis: Today, ADD is diagnosed under the umbrella of ADHD, specifically as ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Presentation. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving questionnaires, interviews, and sometimes psychological testing, is necessary to accurately diagnose this condition.
- Treatment: Treatment for inattentive ADHD (formerly known as ADD) typically includes a combination of medication (such as stimulants or non-stimulants), behavioural therapy, and strategies for improving organisational skills, time management, and focus. Mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can also be effective in helping individuals manage symptoms.
Conclusion:
ADD, now recognised as ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Presentation, is a form of ADHD where the primary challenges are related to inattention rather than hyperactivity or impulsivity. Although the term “ADD” is no longer officially used, it is still commonly referenced in discussions about ADHD. Understanding that ADD falls under the broader ADHD diagnosis helps in recognising the diverse ways this condition can manifest and in ensuring that individuals receive appropriate support and treatment.